Solar projects taking off in Imperial and Kern counties — the math of PPAs

Southern California Edison may have backed out of its agreement to put a 10-megawatt solar plant at College of the Desert’s West Valley campus in Palm Springs, but it’s still signing contracts with other solar developers to buy electricity from their projects.

8minuteenergy Renewables, a Folsom-based solar developer, announced Monday it has signed a 20-year power purchase agreement (PPA) with Edison for its 20-megawatt Redcrest solar project in Kern County. 8minute is partnering with saferay, a German solar developer with U.S. offices in Palo Alto, for the project. (Obviously, lower case names are in vogue among solar developers these days. Somewhere e.e. cummings is smiling.)

The contract was negotiated through Edison’s Renewable Auction Mechanism, the small-solar program the utility wants to use  instead of developing small community-based projects, such as the cancelled COD solar plant. The contract will have to get final approval from the California Public Utilities Commission.

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According to the 8minute announcement:

The Redcrest Solar Farm project is a utility-scale solar generation facility sited on 160 acres of low-productivity farmland.  Construction is projected to begin in 2014, with the site expected to be operational and delivering renewable energy by mid-2015.  This clean solar generation plant will displace the equivalent of approximately 54,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year, which is equal to the amount that roughly 2.2 million trees would displace annually.

 It will also generate 50 construction jobs.

Meanwhile, in Imperial County, First Solar of Tempe, the original developer of Desert Sunlight, has acquired the 150-megawatt Solar Gen 2 project. The project has a 25-year power purchase agreement with San Diego Gas & Electric.

The numbers on this one are, predictably, larger than Redcrest.

The photovoltaic (PV) solar plant will generate enough electricity to power more than 60,000 average California homes, displacing more than 115,000 metric tons of CO2 per year (the equivalent of taking 22,000 cars off the road) and saving 93,000 metric tons of water per year.

When the project begins construction, sometime this year, it will create 800 jobs, company officials said.

First Solar developed the 550-megawatt Desert Sunlight project, located near Desert Center and now owned by NextEra Energy of Florida and GE. The only other project it has in development at present is the 300-megawatt Stateline plant in San Bernardino, which has a power purchase agreement with Edison.

Why does Edison seemingly have no problem with buying power from other developers but remain so reluctant to do even small projects of its own? The obvious answer is profits. Developing solar still carries high front-end costs.

But once completed, solar farms produce their energy at hours of the day that correlate with peak customer usage, when the utility can charge customers higher rates, even as the prices they are paying on PPAs continue to fall.

 

 

The green learning curve: Tesla, the New York Times and commercial real estate

The Tesla-New York Times kerfuffle has been interesting to watch.

A brief recap — Tesla Motors pitched the NYT to do a road trip in its Model S all electric sedan from Washington, D.C. to Boston, using the company’s newly installed fast-charging stations at two locations on the highway between the two cities. NY Times reporter John M. Broder essayed the trip during extremely cold weather and at one point, lost all power on the car, which had to be towed. Much ink has since been spilled on both sides, with the Times public editor Margaret Sullivan admitting Broder may have showed poor judgment but had not deliberately staged the breakdown.

But in a blog on the Natural Resources Defense Council website, attorney Max Baumhefner brings up a key point — that driving an electric vehicle involves a learning curve.

“There’s an important difference between taking a car on a test drive and taking one home,” Baumhefner writes.

“Researchers from UC Davis found that drivers who leased an all-electric version of the Mini Cooper for a year quickly progressed through a discovery phase, in which they became accustomed to the car’s range, rapid acceleration, sporty handling, and regenerative braking that allows for ‘one-pedal’ driving. After living with the cars, every participant in the study reported that electric vehicles are suitable for daily use.”

Tesla is now pushing the daily driving envelope for EVs with its highway superchargers, and this also involves a learning curve, a transition in how people plan and think about road trips.

This seems simple and straightforward enough but there is always a cultural lag, where people expect a new technology to work exactly like the older version it’s replacing. We expect an electric car to work exactly like one that runs on gasoline — an expectation that’s a bit easier to meet in hybrids. We expect power from wind or solar sources to work exactly like power from fossil fuels.

The renewable energy learning curve is obviously a very long one, requiring significant changes in how we think about power generation and transmission, but the transition is underway, as evidenced by a press release that popped into my email box on Tuesday.

CoreNet Global, a major professional group for the commercial real estate developers, sent out a press release with a policy statement advocating that its 7,900 members worldwide prioritize designing zero-net buildings.

“We support the principle that smart and responsible energy policies and practices reduce corporate carbon footprints and greenhouse gas emissions, (and) we encourage our members’ companies to drive energy efficiency to optimal levels with net-zero buildings as a top measure of long-term success.”

Net-zero buildings are defined simply as commercial buildings that produce as much electricity as they use.

Noting that industrial and commercial buildings account for 40 percent of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, the statement emphasizes the “tangible benefits for companies and management teams which prioritize energy efficiency and take steps to reduce the carbon footprint. They will realize meaningful return on investment financially, socially and environmentally.”

Think about a built environment — factories, warehouses, stores, malls, where net-zero construction is not the exception but the norm – and how that would affect our everyday thinking about energy efficiency and renewable energy.

A lot of people in California could soon be climbing that learning curve. Our building codes are targeting net-zero standards for residential construction by 2020 and for the commercial sector by 2030.

 

 

The Cal ISO-PacifiCorp deal — Getting more green energy on the grid

The best way to integrate wind and solar energy onto the electric grid — without creating big spikes that require the frequent firing-up of natural gas peaker plants to even things out – is to spread out the renewables over as wide a geographic area as possible.

So, in the case of California, if the wind’s not blowing in the San Gorgonio Pass, it might be nice and breezy up north in the Alta pass; ditto for sun in east Riverside versus San Bernardino or Kern counties.

The California Independent System Operator (ISO), which manages the main grid in the state, is taking this concept a step further. The agency on Tuesday announced a memorandum of understanding with PacifiCorps, a utilitythat serves customers in Washington State, Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming and Utah, to create something called an Energy Imbalancing Market or EIM.

PacifiCorp is owned by MidAmerican American Energy Holdings Company, owned by Warren Buffett.

So what the EIM will do is allow the ISO, at times of peak demand, to tap into PacifiCorp’s renewable resources, which include more than 2,000 megawatts of wind energy, much of it located in Wyoming.

“This opportunity is something that will resonate through the West where we are on this constant march to integrate renewables into the system while maintaining best rates,” said Steve Berberich, Cal ISO’s CEO, during a press call Tuesday morning. ”We can ultimately share resources efficiently over a much wider footprint.”

The way things work now is that the ISO has a super-charged system that balances energy supply and demand every five minutes, picking energy sources at lowest cost to meet energy needs on the grid. But, beyond the ISO grid, utilities such as Southern California Edison still have to maintain regional balances between supply and demand with manual systems.

The EIM will allow other utilities, such as PacifiCorp, to tap into the five-minute market to even out times of over- or undersupply and ease stress on local utilities.

Widening the footprint from which ISO can draw power should also lower costs. If wind or solar power is available from Wyoming to fill a gap in peak power demand here, that could mean less need to fire up natural gas peaker plants, which are an extremely expensive source of backup power.

The system will run both ways, so any excess renewable power in California could be sold out of state.

Exactly if or how this will affect our energy bills has yet to be determined. Berberich said the cost to set up the EIM will be a “modest” $2.1 million, but projections on savings are still being calculated.

The MOU announced Tuesday is the first step in what could be a lengthy process. The ISO has scheduled a meeting for stakeholders to gather public input on Feb. 27 and the ISO board will also have to give its OK to move forward with the EIM, tentatively at its March meeting.

The system will likely not be online and working until 2014, so it’s not going to be an easy solution to filling in Southern California’s energy needs this summer if the San Onofre nuclear power plant stays off-line as it seems more and more likely it will.

Certainly there will be problems to iron out, unintended consequences to be manged, but the potential is exciting and enormous. A regional EIM covering the Western states could be possible in the future, making integration of wind and solar less of a problem across the region.

You can follow the implementation of the EIM, and daily supply and demand balancing  on the grid with the ISO’s new free smart phone app, ISO Today,

 

The Sentinel funds wrap-up: Behind the back-patting, something extraordinary

The South Coast Air Quality Management District’s Governing Board meeting Friday was some of a self-congratulatory show. The main attraction was the final vote that will provide about $50.9 million for 26 air quality improvement funds in the Coachella Valley.

The money represents emissions mitigation dollars that Competitive Power Ventures paid for its 800-megawatt Sentinel natural gas peaker plant, now nearing completion in North Palm Springs, as seen in the December aerial photo below.

Sentinel

A lot of the public hearing before the vote on the funds was taken up with potential grantees thanking the board for their awards, speaking quickly about the benefits their projects will provide and speaking about the AQMD’s staff’s extraordinary efforts to work with local groups on their applications.

Not everyone was happy. Bob Terry, an area resident who opposes the plant, brought up issues about Riverside County Supervisor John J. Benoit’s support for the Coachella Valley Association of Governments’ cross-valley parkway and whether that constituted a conflict of interest. 

The proposed 46-mile pedestrian, bicycle and electric vehicle parkway, stretching from Palm Springs to Coachella, snagged more than a third of the money, $17.4 million.

Parkway 1e11 Map

The fact that two projects submitted by African-American led organizations did not make the recommended list — and resulting objections from their leaders — also caused some discomfort. Jack Pryor, CEO of Access Solar, pushed his case particularly hard, noting that his company’s proposal for more than $40 million– including plans for a plant to produce hydrogen fuel and install solar on homes in the region — fell only 2 points short of the 70 points needed to get on the list of qualifying projects.

Benoit said there was no conflict of interest since–although he was an early and very public advocate of the parkway–he had not written letters of support for any project or read any of the proposals prior to the vote, even when friends pushed for their favorite projects. AQMD Executive Director Barry Wallerstein also noted the Access Solar proposal for solar installations had cost more than other projects submitted.

But under all the back-patting and last-minute pleas, something more genuine emerged — a sense that the whole process around the Sentinel funds has been extraordinary and something of a game changer for many involved.

Riverside Mayor Ron Loveridge, a board member, noted that the AQMD had never committed so large a chunk of money to a specific geographic region such as the Coachella Valley.

The outreach to the community, pushed by both Benoit and Assemblyman V. Manuel Pérez, and the level of community response was also outside the AQMD’s comfort zone.

The Administrative Committee’s five and a half hour public hearing in Palm Desert in October gave board members a chance to hear from local residents and see the communities that will be affected by the plant — also a rarity.

When community members from the east valley traveled to Diamond Bar in December to oppose a $920,000 grant to pave roads at the Cabazon Band of Mission Indians’ Resource Recovery Park in Mecca, the board pulled the money and reallocated it to home retrofit projects the residents favored.

“This raised the bar in terms of including the community,” said Luis Olmedo, executive director of Comite Civico del Valle, an environmental justice group. “We feel we were included in the process; we believe the Governing Board heard us.”

San Bernardino Supervisor Josie Gonzales, another board member, addressed east valley residents at Friday’s meeting in Spanish, congratulating them on their courage in coming to board meetings to speak out and encouraging ongoing participation.

Speaking before the unanimous vote to approve the Sentinel projects, Mayor Dennis Yates of Chino, vice chair of the board, said, ”In my 20-plus years, I have never seen the outreach conducted by this group (the AQMD) and the response by Coachella Valley residents. It was awe-inspring.”

2012 Green news round-up

I’m starting work on my Sunday column, which will be a wrap-up of 2012′s top energy and green tech stories in the Coachella Valley, and as background, hopped online to see what stories other green websites have highlighted.

The proliferation of green websites — a story in and of itself — each with a slightly different perspective, means a broad range of views about what the top developments in the field have been over the past 12 months.

Let’s start with “The top 10 sustainability stories of 2012″ by Gil Friend on GreenBiz.com, which focuses on sustainablity efforts by big business.

The top story here is climate change, denial and silence.

“Climate denial is well-funded, anti-scientific, self-interested, crazy…and understandable, given the massive assets buried in fossil fuel reserves, and the lengths to which their owners will go to prevent those assets from being stranded.”

The antidote is our increasingly extreme weather — with Superstorm Sandy the latest blast of climate reality, Friend writes:

” . . . it’s only a question of how many more $30-$100 billion ‘events’ it will take to move to get the elephant in the room onto the middle of the table.”

Sandy made just about every top-10 list this year.

That said, what’s interesting about Friend’s list is its focus on corporate buy-in on sustainability primarily because of its bottom-line benefits. Another of his big stories for the year is the growing competitive gap between companies that are embracing sustainability and those who are not.

“The steady and accelerating strategic shift continues to drive a widening competitive gap, as some companies (Method and Unilever, to name a few) race to embed ‘sustainability’ as a driver of business value, while others—with a financial stake clearly stick in the past—dawdle. But if the cascade of value-eating disruptions of the past few decades is any indication, a strategy bent on preserving the past is doomed. Just ask Borders and Blockbuster.”

Meanwhile, at Consumer Energy Report, readers are asked to vote for their top five stories from a list of 15, ranging from the Hurricane Sandy and its aftermath, currently in second place behind the U.S. natural gas boom, to Obama’s relection (seventh place) and the blackout in India that left 680 million without power (third). Dec. 31 is the deadline for getting in your choices.

The British newspaper, The Guardian, is posting a list of its top 10 environmental stories, with the top spot going to a September story about the discovery of a new species of monkey in Africa, call the lesula, proving once again the enduring power of animal stories.

 

 

 

 

 

The endearing new critter aside, four of The Guardian’s top 10 focus on the melting of ice sheets and glaciers, one of the more compelling and undeniable aspects of climate change.  The under-reported story of climate sceptic Richard Muller’s conversion to climate change advocate also made the list.

At Forbes, Peter Kelly-Detweiler, picked the greening of the U.S. military as the top story on his list of five — because of its sheer size, the military’s rapid adoption of renewable energy, alternative fuels and energy efficiency can move markets, Kelly Detweiler writes. He also calls out the job-creating impact of solar and energy-efficiency programs:

“The jobs creation is largely not in the manufacturing sector, where machinery is leveraged by an increasingly small number of humans.  Instead, it is a result of boots on the ground.”

The solar industry created 119,000 jobs in 2012, he says.

Another top story on several lists is the reduction in U.S. carbon emissions. On YourEnergyBlog, the reduction of emissions to 1992 levels was seen the context of dropping demand and rising impact of renewable energy installaitons.

Even OilPrice.com has a list of top 10 green stories, although they published it in May. Notable entries — a 19 percent drop in coal-powered electricity generation and a study showing American consumers are willing to pay a 13 percent premium for cleaner wind and solar power.

What’s most significant about all these different lists is they show energy has become an issue with wide popular appeal and significance; it is recognized as a major driver in the growth and evolution of our economy and a field very much in transition.

Time for me to head out and start my holiday revels. Let’s end up with a little holiday sing-along, On Earth magazine’s eco-friendly version of “The 12 Days of Christmas” with lovely photos. Everyone all together now –

And a snowy owl in a bare tree!

K’s excellent green staycation

I have been told, on more than one occasion, that I have peculiar ideas about having fun and relaxing.  I was off last week, staying in town, and without deadlines and editors to deal with, had time to check out some of the green goings-on about town that I don’t always have time for.

First up, last Monday, was sitting in on a lunch webinar held by the Coachella Valley Branch of the U.S. Green Building Council. The topic was Passive House technology, developed mostly in Germany, but also with contributions from Canada and the U.S.,  that allows buildings to run on minimal power for heating or cooling — kind of like net-zero on steroids. Being certified as a Passive House is a complicated process, involving filling in an Exel spreadsheet with 42 tabs.

Here’s the official definition from the Passive House Institute of the U.S.:

A Passive House is a very well-insulated, virtually air-tight building that is primarily heated by passive solar gain and by internal gains from people, electrical equipment, etc. Energy losses are minimized. Any remaining heat demand is provided by an extremely small source. Avoidance of heat gain through shading and window orientation also helps to limit any cooling load, which is similarly minimized. An energy recovery ventilator provides a constant, balanced fresh air supply. The result is an impressive system that not only saves up to 90% of space heating costs, but also provides a uniquely terrific indoor air quality.

The interesting thing here is that some projects are now going for double certification, both the U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED certification and Passive House. The reason is that Passive House is focused for the most part on building performance — which has always been a weakness of LEED. The kind of things it covers, ranging from building siting to water use, may not always guarantee low energy performance.  Passive House does.  

Eric Corey Freed, co-chair of the CV Branch, would like to see a Passive House building in the valley; even with our blistering summers, he thinks it’s possible.

“I’m of the mind set now, being less bad is silly,” he said. “Why not go all the way.”

After that, I tooled on over to the Century at The River for a screening of “Chasing Ice,” a documentary about photographer James Balog’s efforts to photograph and film the melting of the world’s glaciers, which has accelerated dangerously as the earth warms.

This is one of those films you should see for the good of your soul; it has turned climate change skeptics into believers. Beyond the beautiful and at times heart-breaking photography — the collapse of a giant ice sheet at the end of the film is like watching the death of some magnificent, mythic creature – Balog’s intense commitment to documenting the melting glaciers, taking him away from his wife and daughters for months at a time, is inspiring in and of itself.

It’s still at The River; run, do not walk.

Thursday I also took a quick trip to Desert Hot Springs High School where Ted Flanigan and the crew at EcoMotion had set up their CO2 Time Bomb for a lunch time rally their Save a Ton campaign.  Flanigan has worked with the Coachella Valley Association of Governments, doing carbon inventories and climate action plans for several cities across the valley.

Flanigan came up with the Time Bomb as a way to help people visualize what a ton of carbon actually looks like. The average Californian puts 12 tons of CO2 into the atmosphere each year, the kids learned.  The event was during lunch period, and I was concerned about how much of the presentation they would actually absorb — they mostly stayed around the edges of the courtyard, eating their food. But at the end of the rally, many were eager to talk with Flanigan about their ideas for reducing their carbon footprint, and they all wanted the Time Bomb T-shirts, stickers and other swag the team had brought with them — so they’ll have something to look at and think about.

On Sunday, I took a quick road trip out to Desert Center to check in on Hot Purple Energy’s vegetable oil-powered race car at the 24 Hours of LeMons at Chuckwalla Valley Raceway.  I wrote about the Palm Springs solar installer’s veggie oil-powered fleet earlier ths month, but we had not been able to photograph the car fitted out for the race because it was still in the shop, so extra safety equipment could be installed. Here she is, at the track; you can see part of the roll bar in the back window.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unfortunately, I got there a bit late. After a grueling day on the track Saturday, the HPE 350 Mercedes Benz was leaking too much oil to race on Sunday. The car managed around 78 laps around the track on Saturday and at one point was ranked 38th of the 140 cars in the race, according to Nate Otto, company president, who said a good time was had by all. 

When I got there, Sunday afternoon, Otto (right) and David Herrlinger, company VP, were hanging out, waiting for a trailer to haul the car back to the valley.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

One question I realized I hadn’t asked Otto and Herrlinger last week was about the emissions from a veggie oil-fueled car. I mean, veggie oil comes from plant material and plants store carbon. The answer I got from Herrlinger, backed up with some of my own online research, is that veggie oil is considered more or less carbon neutral, because the plants it comes from have absorbed about as much CO2 as biodiesel emits.

But as some sites also point out, you have to take into account the emissions involved in processing the original veggies into the oil to start with. So, on a total product lifecycle basis, it’s not completely clean, but still better than traditional fossil fuels.

My last stop of the day was at Just Fabulous in Palm Springs, where owner Stephen Monkarsh collared me to show off his green gift options for the holiday. Top of the list are some very cool and different watches from a company called Wewood, which produces wood watches, some from recycled wood. Buy one of these sharp-looking time pieces and the company plants a tree — about 5,000 trees in the U.S. so far, according to the Wewood website.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Greenwash? Slightly, but obviously, green consumerism has become a significant niche market, which has to do with mind set. The idea that we should and in fact need to live more sustainably is making its way into the mainstream in different, creative and every-day ways.

 

The U.S. solar market: mixed views

GreenTech Media held its Solar Market Insight Conference Monday and Tuesday in San Francisco, bringing together major players in residential, commercial and utility-scale solar to track the trends in the U.S. solar market at present and going forward.

Many of the panels and presentations are still available online for techno-geeks like me who couldn’t make to SF.

The GreenTech outlook is decidedly mixed – the residential solar market will continue booming through the end of the year, but could slow in 2013 and beyond.

– U.S. solar installations are expected to hit 3.2 gigawatts this year, a 71 percent spike over the 1.9 gigawatts installed in 2011. Next year growth could slow, with installations projected to grow to 3.9 megawatts, or about 22 percent.

– Solar leasing companies continue to claim an increasing slice of the residential market.  In California, leased residential systems accounted for 10 percent of residential installation; as of the second quarter of the year, they now make up more than 70 percent. In Arizona, the figure is more than 80 percent.

– On the utility-scale side — projects 50 megawatts and up — the picture is more complicated. Shayle Kann, GreenTech’s vice president of research, reported that the U.S. has about 2.2 gigawatts of utility-scale projects in operation, with another 4 gigs in construction and close to 6 more gigawatts in the pipeline for 2016-17.

The question is how many of the projects not in construction or in earlier stages of development will make it.

“If you don’t have a PPA, it’s harder and harder to find one,” Kann said, referring to power purchase agreements developers negotiate to sell power to utilities, which are critical to getting a project financed.

The trend is toward smaller-scale projects and much lower prices being offered on PPAs, he said. 9.7 gigawatts in the pipeline. Only utilties in states with renewable energy portfolios, such as the 33 percent mandate in California, are showing any appetite for large projects, Kann said.

– One issue hanging over both residential and utility scale is the sunsetting of the 30 percent federal investment tax credit at the end of 2016. The credit has been key to the growth of solar leasing and utility-scale financing — it draws in investors that need a healthy income tax credit.

As it stands now, at the end of 2016, it will go down to 10 percent and especially for utility scale solar, that prospective drop is already having an impact as developers look at the timelines for big projects.

These trends could have significant effects for solar development in eastern Riverside County, for projects on public and private land.

Can NextEra Energy get the 1,000-megawatt Blythe project – which it bought from the bankrupt Solar Trust of America — repermitted, financed and in construction by the end of 2016? Ditto BrightSource Energy and the 500-megawatt Palen project it bought from Solar Trust, along with its Sonoran West project, one of the two contracts the California Public Utilities Commission approved last week.

BrightSource officials have said they don’t expect Sonoran to come online till 2017, and they have no definite timeline for Palen.

The Coachella Valley, and surrounding areas, have looked to large solar projects as a source of good jobs for the region’s still struggling construction workers. The federal guidelines for solar development in the 148,000-acre Riverside East solar zone, between Joshua Tree National Park and Blythe, envisions 80 percent of the area covered with projects.

Whether any of that will pencil out now appears uncertain.

Environmental advocates have always argued that for solar, smaller rooftop and community projects are the better play, and the market may just prove them right.

 

Solar Professionals Day at the Green Zone

If you want to know what’s going on in the solar world in the Coachella Valley, head to the Green Zone in Palm Desert, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. on Friday for Solar Professionals Day.

The event is aimed at raising the profile of solar professionals in the area, and particularly the ones who are NABCEP certified.

NABCEP stands for North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners – yes, they definitely need to come up with something a bit more compact and kicky — but the certification they offer has become the gold standard for solar installers.

The solar training courses at College of the Desert’s Desert Energy Enterprise Center prepare students to pass the basic NABCEP certification, which is what any installer will look for before hiring them.

What this is about is the professionalizaton of the field.  Sure, almost any contractor or electrician can say they are solar installers, but having a specific, rigorous certification standard becomes a market-differentiator. We haven’t reached the point where solar installers are licensed by the state, like contractors or plumbers, but this is the industry’s own effort to professionalize itself.

Renova Energy, which is sponsoring the event, also happens to be the first NABCEP-certified business in the country, which is probably why Ezra Auerbach, the organization’s executive director, is flying out from New York for the day.

Larry McLaughlin, director of COD’s program will also be there, according to Vincent Battalgia, CEO of Renova.

“The U.S. solar industry employed more than 100,000 Americans in 2011, a figure that represents a 6.8% increase in employment from 2010. This means that the solar industry created jobs at a rate nearly ten times faster than the overall economy.” Battaglia said.

The key question for the day, he said, is whether the industry can keep up that kind of growth going forward.

Look for answers, and grilled Italian sausages for lunch.

The Green Zone is located at 75-181 Mediterranean Ave., Palm Desert.

 

 

Getting the renewable energy mix right

I was out at Desert Mirage High School in Thermal on Wednesday, talking with students in the school’s green tech career academy about what I do as an energy and green tech reporter — ask people a lot of questions about very technical things and try to turn it all into plain English.

Most of the students said they want to work in a green tech or engineering field, so I also spoke about the importance of good communication skills and the inestimable value of being able to write clear, grammatical sentences (old school, I know, but it’s something I’m actually rather passionate about).

One of the students asked me what I thought the best form of renewable energy is, and I stopped for a second. Being a reporter, one always stops when anyone asks you what you think the best of anything is, because one cannot appear to be biased or endorsing one thing over another.

Luckily in this case, it was not a problem. What I said, in essence, is that , with renewable energy it isn’t a matter of better or worse, but rather how the different forms fit together and complement each other.  We need them all.  The wind blows best at night — so we can have renewable energy on the grid ready to go in the wee hours and early morning.  Then photovoltaic, rooftop solar comes on in the morning and peaks in the afternoon for daytime use.

Geothermal can fill in the gaps, it is 24/7 baseline power. Solar thermal technology also has the potential to fill in the intermittent gaps created by wind and rooftop. While big solar thermal projects, such as BrightSource Energy’s Ivanpah plant, have major environmental impacts and have been difficult to perimit, their technology — using solar energy to heat fluids and run a traditional generator — provides a more reliable power source than rooftop solar.

If you add storage to the picture — and it’s coming, in the foreseeable future — you have the possibility of a grid that can, at least in theory, run almost entirely on clean, renewable sources with the inevitable economies of scale and lower prices.

This is, at least in part, the argument that some advocates are now making as California develops a renewable energy portfolio that will provide 33 percent of the state’s power by 2020. The utilities have largely loaded up on cheaper photovoltaic projects that by their very nature mean we will need some kind of fossil fuel backup to balance the intermittency of solar.

More reliable forms of renewables, such as solar thermal, are more expensive, but cost alone should not be the only factor considered.

Which brings me to BrightSource. Even as the company’s Rio Mesa project looks shaky – possibly losing a power purchase agreement to sell half the power from the plant and facing millions in mitigation costs to offset environmental impacts — investors have given the company a vote of confidence in the form of $80 million in new equity funding.

In a press release issued today, company executives announced a list of new investors –

Alstom, a global leader in the world of power generation, and VantagePoint Capital Partners lead the round. Additional investors include DFJ, CalSTRS, DBL Investors, Goldman Sachs, Chevron Technology Ventures and BP Ventures among others.

The company now has $615 million in equity funding.

Alstom is a French energy multinational and VantagePoint is a major player in clean tech investments. That major fossil fuel companies such as Chevron and BP want in also speaks volumes.

The bottom line is, every form of energy, whether fossil fuel or renewable, has some kind of environmental impact; that is the unavoidable trade-off we make for the power.

Figuring out the best value and right balance of renewables going forward will be a complex process, involving careful thought and calibration of lots of competing and conflicting factors.  Hopefully, some of the students I spoke with today will help find the solutions.

And they’ll be able to write about it in clear, grammatical sentences.

The Arctic and the desert: Climate change lessons from Greenland

As we in the Southern California desert wait for the end of a summer with seemingly endless triple-digit days, the long hot summer of climate change has had more dramatic impacts in the northern reaches of Alaska and Greenland.

Warren Olney’s To the Point news program on KCRW Sept. 23 looked at the receding Arctic ice cap and the changes it is driving in Greenland, an autonomous state of Denmark, with a population of 57,000 and apparently huge resources in rare earth minerals — which, with the ice melting, are now possible to mine — as well as offshore oil.

The program includes interviews with Elizabeth Rosenthal of The New York Times, who has written an article on the current changes underway in Greenland; Jens B. Frederiksen, vice premier of Greenland;  Alice Rogoff, publisher of the Alaska Dispatch, an online news website, and Jon Hoekstra of the World Wildlife Fund.

It’s all worth a listen, and is still available online, because what’s happening in the Artic — in Greenland and Alaska — has parallels with our renewable energy development in the Southern California desert, where resources that were previously not economical to tap, whether solar, wind, or geothermal — are now being developed.

For example, Hoeskstra talks about the Arctic as the last frontier, presenting an opportunity to develop resources while also protecting the environment — it doesn’t have to be an either-or situation, he said.

“We have the scientific tools to quantify the risks and rewards; we have the opportunity to map those and consider the tradeoffs carefully; we don’t have to repeat the mistakes we have made when we’ve developed other frontiers.”

Frederiksen was extremely thoughtful on his country’s ability to control development of its resources and think about what its national priorities should be.

“What is it we want – is it only money, only the value of money we need. Do we need other things? Do we need political influence in the Arctic? Do we want to have influence on worldwide climate policy?”

In the desert, the process for balancing all the competing interests, through the federal Solar Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement and the state’s Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan,  has shown just how difficult this can be. The DRECP has most recently come under fire from its own panel of independent science advisors who released a report slamming the plan for its lack of good scientific research.

Another key point coming out of the KCRW program is the federal government’s predictable foot-dragging on climate change policy and its impact in the Arctic. Rogoff pointed out there is no deep water port on Alaska’s Arctic coastline, which is just as long as the eastern seaboard from Maine to Florida. There are huge economic and national security issues at stake, she said.

The melting of the Arctic ice could open up a northern shipping passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans that would be 45 percent cheaper than the Panama Canal, she said. Rosenthal noted that while scientists originally thought it would be decades before such a passage opened up, if melting continues at the current pace, it could happen by the end of the decade.

The Alaska Dispatch reported recently on the record summer ice melt this year:

“The (National Snow and Ice Data Center) reports that the melting season appears to have ended Sept. 16, and at that time, it covered about 1.32 million square miles. The record low came more than a quarter-million square miles before, when scientists measured the extent at 1.58 million square miles in late August. The previous low was recorded in September 2007 at 1.61 million square miles.”

Olney ended the discussion with a connection to the presidential election or rather why climate change and the opening of Arctic have not been major issues. The U.S. has not even ratified the U.N. convention on the law of the sea, which would ensure the country’s access to Arctic resources along the Alaskan border.

When Rosenthal called the State Department for her Greenland article to find out its position on these issues, the answer she got was that there is no position.

At this point, it’s anyone’s guess what it’s going to take to get the presidential candidates and the country in general to get serious about climate change and all the complex, critical issues its spawning.

Frederiksen had the last word:

“When the candidates are running for the presidency, it should be a very big issue, the climate change,” he said, speaking from a boat in a fjord, with ice bergs floating all around.

“That’s the only way you can focus worldwide attention on it, the only way the big countries can take it seriously and reduce the outlet of CO2. That’s the only way you can save the world.”